eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 3 12 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.3-12 1186-1 article Alou DEMBELE Ahmet ÖZÇELİK Ernest OUEDRAOGO Lamissa DIAKITE Commodity prices consistently increase in developing countries while they barely decline, affecting negatively poor and vulnerable people. This paper examines the role of intermediaries such as collectors, wholesalers, and retailers in the asymmetric transmission of millet prices from producers to consumers in local millet markets in Mali. We use data of local millet prices from the five most important cities in terms of local millet production in Mali namely; Bamako, Segou, Kayes, Koulikoro and Sikasso. Using the Threshold Auto-Regressive (TAR) method developed by Enders and Siklos (2001), at the exogenous threshold, we found an asymmetrical transmission between Koulikoro and Ségou collectors’ market. The result shows that, collectors in Koulikoro promptly transmit price increases while they lately transmit price decline at exogenous threshold. Strong evidence was found to suggest that, collectors in Koulikoro and wholesalers in Sikasso punctually transmit a decrease in millet prices to consumers while they tardily transmit the increase in prices to consumers even though the effect of prices increment are relatively larger than the effect of price decrease at endogenous threshold. By applying a zero exogenous threshold we found a non-asymmetric cointegration between Kayes and Ségou, Sikasso and Ségou ‘collectors market and between Sikasso and Ségou wholesalers’ market. Regardless of the threshold chosen in retailers market, we found symmetric prices transmissions between all the markets pairs. In order to reduce this asymmetric price transmission and to fight against poverty, the authors suggest that decision-makers should consider introducing millet price control in the local markets, especially when millet prices increase spontaneously. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Dembele_et_al.pdf Asymmetric price control Intermediaries Local millet Mali Price transmission eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 13 21 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.13-21 1186-1 article Wesagn BERHANE Jema HAJI Belaineh LEGESSE Tesfaye LEMMA The survival of smallholder farming in a socioeconomically and environmentally dynamic environment depends on smallholders’ ability to innovatively and dynamically respond to these challenges. This study aims to assess smallholders' innovativeness, and identify its determinants with the intension of providing information on smallholders' innovativeness and its determinants to stakeholders that are trying to improve the life of smallholders. The research design constituted of multi-stage random sampling whereby study districts, farmers’ associations and, finally, smallholder farmer household units are selected in that order. The collection of data is carried out using interview schedule, key informants interview and focus group discussion. The estimation of smallholders' innovativeness was carried out with graded response model using cross-sectional data collected from 476 smallholder household units. Multiple linear regression model was used to identify determinants of innovativeness. The results revealed that the majority of smallholders in the study area were classified as less innovative and innovativeness was determined by smallholder's perception of productive safety net program undergoing in the study area, dependency syndrome, perceived farm fertility, perceived job demand, perceived person environment fit, fatalism, external work contact, use of mass media, possession of livestock, possession of farm tools, access to irrigation, agro-ecology and distance to all-weather road. In order to encourage smallholders’ innovativeness, the findings underscore the need for stakeholders in the extension service to help smallholders on improving their perceptions about productive safety net program, motivate them to see the potential benefit they can draw from personal efforts and resources they have, provide them with external exposure through either mass media means or interpersonal contact, work with religious leaders to detach religiousness from fatalism. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Berhane_et_al.pdf Innovativeness Smallholder Farmers eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 22 29 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.22-29 1186-1 article Emmanuel Ejiofor OMEJE Benjamin Chiedozie OKPUKPARA Eberechukwu Johnpaud IHEMEZIE Both government and non-governmental organisations have been making efforts in the fight against the menace of child labour, child poverty and deprivation. Despite these efforts, 70% of world’s child labour still work in agricultural sector. This study examined the nexus and impact of child poverty, deprivation and other socio-economic variables on child labour among rural farming households in Enugu State of Nigeria. Data for the study were collected using survey research design with the aid of structured questionnaire and interview. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logit regression was applied for data analysis. The result of the study shows that majority (92%) of the farming households were engaged in crop farming, majority (69%) of the children aged between 4 and 17 combined both schooling and agricultural labour. For children who were completely out of school, 5% we found to be idle while 16% engaged in agricultural labour. A significant number of children were engaged in agricultural labour, and 62.3% of them had access to primary school only. About 49.4% of children cannot obtain primary health services. Age, household size and gender of children had positive and significant (p < 0.10) relationship with child labour. We recommended a redesign of poverty alleviation programmes for rural active farmers and public schools make attractive, accessible and affordable in the rural areas. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Omeje_et_al.pdf child labour child poverty rural farming households Nigeria eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 30 37 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.30-37 1186-1 article Shaibu Baanni AZUMAH Abass MAHAMA Samuel A. DONKOH Climate change coping and adaptation (CCCA) mechanisms have become more relevant in the north of Ghana where there is evidence of severe impacts of climate change and poverty. In this study, we modelled the determinants of adoption of multiple CCCA strategies by smallholder farmers in northern Ghana using primary data collected from 230 households. Count data models including endogenous switch Poisson and generalized Poisson regression were estimated to account for potential endogeneity of credit, as well as dispersion errors. The credit variable did not show signs of endogeneity, neither was there evidence of significance dispersion errors in the data. Age, sex, extension visits, and farm size were significant across the various count data models and should be considered by policy makers when designing national climate change response and mitigation plans. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Azumah_et_al.pdf Climate change Adaptation Count data Poisson regression Smallholder farmers eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 38 46 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.38-46 1186-1 article Yanjanani KAMBA Assa MAGANGA Sam KATENGEZA This study was conducted to understand fishers’ climate change adaptation decisions in order to move climate informed policy for artisanal fisheries in developing economies forward. Data were collected from a random sample of 220 fishers in Mangochi District in Malawi. A binary probit model and a multivariate probit model were used to assess factors that affect fishers’ decision to adapt to climate change and their choice of adaptation strategies respectively. The study found that factors such as sex, education level, fishing experience, household size, fishing income, perception of catch rate trend, social capital and access to extension service corresponded in an increase in the probability of fishers adapting to impacts of climate change by increasing fishing effort, engaging in migratory fishing, investing in improved gear and livelihood diversification. The study recommends strengthening the education system in riparian communities to equip fishers with skills employable outside fishing and at the same time relive pressure off aquatic ecosystems. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Kamba_et_al.pdf Climate change Fisheries Adaptation Probit Malawi eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 47 54 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.47-54 1186-1 article Shaibu Baanni AZUMAH Abraham ZAKARIA Nathaniel Amoh BOATENG Agricultural extension programmes are the main pathways to transfer improved innovations or information from extension agents to farmers in rural and peri-urban areas. Agricultural extension methods have been perceived by many to have significant influence on the adoption of improved production techniques by farmers. This study modelled the factors influencing farmers’ subscription to various agricultural extension methods using data from 543 rice farm households in northern Ghana. A generalised Poisson regression (GPR) model was estimated to account for errors in the dispersion of the data. The results reveal farmer-to-farmer extension method, the use of demonstration farms, and household extension method as the most significant mechanisms to communicate information to farmers in the study area. Farm size, membership of farmer association, number of years spent as an irrigation farmer, research and location (upper east region) were found to be significant in influencing farmers’ subscription to various agricultural extension methods, and should be considered by extension agents who extend knowledge on improved production techniques to farmers. Governments and actors in the agricultural space must recognise the importance of farmer-to-farmer extension method, as well as the use of field demonstrations to train farmers on improved practices. Radio, as a mass media mechanism should be used to support the other conventional extension methods, to deploy information on improved production techniques to rice farmers. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_2Azumah_et_al.pdf Extension methods Generalised Poisson Farmers eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 55 64 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.55-64 1186-1 article Abimbola ADEPOJU Olaniyi OYEWOLE Despite the progress in poverty reduction globally, millions of people are either near or living in severe multidimensional poverty in Nigeria. This study examined multidimensional poverty transitions in rural Nigeria, employing the Alkire and Foster measure of multidimensional poverty, Markov model of poverty transitions and the multinomial logistic regression model for analysis. Results showed that multidimensional poverty among rural households in Nigeria was mainly chronic (46.5%) while education and assets dimensions contributed most to the incidence and severity of multidimensional poverty among the households respectively. Educational and marital status, household size and number of assets owned influenced transient poverty while tertiary education, household size and number of assets owned influenced chronic poverty. The enactment and implementation of relevant laws and policies against the marginalization of the poor and vulnerable with respect to ownership of assets and intensification of efforts and incentives, aimed at encouraging human capital development, is key in the fight against poverty in rural Nigeria. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Adepoju_Oyewole.pdf Multidimensional Poverty Transitions Rural households Nigeria eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 65 72 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.65-72 1186-1 article Sina Basil JOHNSON Taiwo E. MAFIMISEBI Adegoyega E. OGUNTADE Ojuotimi E. MAFIMISEBI This study investigated the key factors affecting the profitability of poultry egg production in Southwest, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 360 egg farmers using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics showed that the mean age of egg farmers was 45 years. Majority (68.3%) of the farmers were male households. Over half (57.8%) of the farmers had tertiary school education and majority (85.0%) of them were married. The distribution of flock size showed that majority of the farmers was medium-scale poultry farmers. The result revealed that egg production is profitable. Results of the quantile regression revealed that farmer’s age, farm size, price per crate of egg, cost of drugs as well as farm location had positive significant impacts on farm income at various quantiles. However, education, experience and household size, costs of labour, feed and day-old-chicks were identified to have negative but significant impact on farm income across the quantiles. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Johnson_et_al.pdf Quantile regression Poultry Egg Farm income eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 73 82 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.73-82 1186-1 article Wuletaw MEKURIA Kindu MEKONNEN Marelign ADUGNA Crop-livestock production is the major farming system in the highlands of Ethiopia. This study aimed to describe crop-livestock diversification pattern, examine determinants of diversification patterns, and evaluate effects of diversification on household income. Principal component analysis (PCA), seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and ordinary least square (OLS) regression models were employed. Five major crop-livestock diversification patterns: sheep and goat, staple crops, chicken, vegetables, and animal feed-based farming were identified. The SUR model revealed that sex, education, income, extension contact, land size, market and road distance, irrigated land, and household size were significant factors that influence crop-livestock diversification patterns. It is also found that sheep and goat, vegetable, and chicken-based farming were significant production patterns that had positive effects on household income. We suggest that adoptive and adaptive agricultural practices such as small-scale irrigation, chicken rearing and sheep-based production patterns are the most potential farming systems in the highlands of Ethiopia. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Mekuria_et_al.pdf Agriculture competition diversification pattern mixed farming eng Faculty of Economics and Management of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra and the Association of Agricultural Economists in Slovakia Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 1336-9261 2020-03-31 23 1 83 89 10.15414/raae.2020.23.01.83-89 1186-1 article Robert Ouko GWADA Zephaniah Ongaga MAYAKA Retracted: 14.7.2021 We the authors, are retracting the above regular article as we understand that the paper fell short of the ethical requirements as per the project supervisors. We understand that the acknowledgement of the funding institution was not properly done. We are retracting the above article, as we address the issues raised by the Principal Investigator. The concerns are very valid especially around how the citation and acknowledgement were done. We deeply apologize to the scientific community for this failure. All authors agree to this retraction. https://roaae.org/wp-content/uploads/RAAE_1_2020_Gwada_Mayaka_R-1.pdf maize availability equivalent ordered logistic model social capital